Datenblatt

Biologische Beschreibung

Spezifität	HDAC4 Antibody [J11H24] erkennt endogene Spiegel des gesamten HDAC4-Proteins.
Hintergrund	Die Histonacetylierung und -deacetylierung sind entscheidend für die Regulierung der Gentranskription. Die Histonacetylierung, vermittelt durch Histonacetyltransferasen (HATs), lockert die Chromatin-Struktur und verstärkt die transkriptionelle Aktivierung. Umgekehrt führt die Histondeacetylierung, durchgeführt durch Histondeacetylasen (HDACs), zu einer Chromatin-Kondensation und transkriptionellen Repression. HDACs werden aufgrund ihrer Größe, Sequenzhomologie und Komplexbildung in drei Klassen – I, II und III – eingeteilt. Unter den Klasse-II-HDACs spielt HDAC4 eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Regulierung der Genexpression, die für verschiedene zelluläre Funktionen unerlässlich ist. HDAC4 besitzt eine einzigartige N-terminale Regulationsdomäne, die mit spezifischen Transkriptionsfaktoren interagiert, und eine C-terminale zinkhaltige katalytische Domäne. Kristallstrukturanalyse hat gezeigt, dass eine korrekt gefaltete Zink-bindende Domäne entscheidend für die Bildung des Repressorkomplexes ist. Posttranslationale Modifikationen von HDAC4 beeinflussen seine subzelluläre Lokalisation und Interaktionen mit anderen Proteinen. Eine Schlüsselfunktion von HDAC4 ist die Vermittlung der transkriptionellen Repression durch Regulierung der Chromatin-Kondensation und -Struktur. Posttranslationale Modifikationen, insbesondere reversible Phosphorylierung, sind vital für die regulatorischen Funktionen von HDAC4. HDAC4 interagiert mit der 14-3-3-Proteinfamilie, die spezifisch an Phosphoserin-haltige Motive bindet. HDAC4 kann durch verschiedene Kinasen phosphoryliert werden, darunter Calcium/Calmodulin-abhängige Proteinkinase (CaMK), extrazelluläre Signal-regulierte Kinasen 1 und 2 (ERK1/2), Proteinkinase A (PKA) und Glykogen-Synthase-Kinase 3 (GSK3). Durch seine Rolle bei der Regulierung der Gentranskription, des Zellwachstums, des Überlebens und der Proliferation kann eine Dysregulation oder abnormale Aktivität von HDAC4 zur Krebsentwicklung beitragen.

Spezifität

HDAC4 Antibody [J11H24] erkennt endogene Spiegel des gesamten HDAC4-Proteins.

Hintergrund

Die Histonacetylierung und -deacetylierung sind entscheidend für die Regulierung der Gentranskription. Die Histonacetylierung, vermittelt durch Histonacetyltransferasen (HATs), lockert die Chromatin-Struktur und verstärkt die transkriptionelle Aktivierung. Umgekehrt führt die Histondeacetylierung, durchgeführt durch Histondeacetylasen (HDACs), zu einer Chromatin-Kondensation und transkriptionellen Repression. HDACs werden aufgrund ihrer Größe, Sequenzhomologie und Komplexbildung in drei Klassen – I, II und III – eingeteilt. Unter den Klasse-II-HDACs spielt HDAC4 eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Regulierung der Genexpression, die für verschiedene zelluläre Funktionen unerlässlich ist. HDAC4 besitzt eine einzigartige N-terminale Regulationsdomäne, die mit spezifischen Transkriptionsfaktoren interagiert, und eine C-terminale zinkhaltige katalytische Domäne. Kristallstrukturanalyse hat gezeigt, dass eine korrekt gefaltete Zink-bindende Domäne entscheidend für die Bildung des Repressorkomplexes ist. Posttranslationale Modifikationen von HDAC4 beeinflussen seine subzelluläre Lokalisation und Interaktionen mit anderen Proteinen. Eine Schlüsselfunktion von HDAC4 ist die Vermittlung der transkriptionellen Repression durch Regulierung der Chromatin-Kondensation und -Struktur. Posttranslationale Modifikationen, insbesondere reversible Phosphorylierung, sind vital für die regulatorischen Funktionen von HDAC4. HDAC4 interagiert mit der 14-3-3-Proteinfamilie, die spezifisch an Phosphoserin-haltige Motive bindet. HDAC4 kann durch verschiedene Kinasen phosphoryliert werden, darunter Calcium/Calmodulin-abhängige Proteinkinase (CaMK), extrazelluläre Signal-regulierte Kinasen 1 und 2 (ERK1/2), Proteinkinase A (PKA) und Glykogen-Synthase-Kinase 3 (GSK3). Durch seine Rolle bei der Regulierung der Gentranskription, des Zellwachstums, des Überlebens und der Proliferation kann eine Dysregulation oder abnormale Aktivität von HDAC4 zur Krebsentwicklung beitragen.

Nutzungsinformationen

Anwendung

WB, IP

Verdünnung

WB	IP
1:2000	1:100

Reaktivität

Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey

Quelle

Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

MW

140 kda

Lagerpuffer

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃

Lagerung
(Ab dem Datum des Erhalts)

–20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Experimentelle Methoden
WB	Experimental Protocol: Sample preparation 1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant; 5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration; 6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice. Electrophoretic separation 1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 5%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations 2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.) Transfer membrane 1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter; 2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer; 3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip"; 4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min. ( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.) Block 1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes; 2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature; 3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. Antibody incubation 1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:2000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight; 2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time; 3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour; 4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time. Antibody staining 709. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly; 2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Experimentelle Methoden

WB

Experimental Protocol:

Sample preparation

1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;

5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;

6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.

Electrophoretic separation

1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 5%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations

2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)

Transfer membrane

1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;

2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;

3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";

4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.

( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)

Block

1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;

2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature;

3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

Antibody incubation

1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:2000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;

2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;

3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;

4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.

Antibody staining

709. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;

2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Referenzen

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24579951/

Anwendungsdaten

WB

Validiert von Selleck

Lane 1: 293
Lane 2: Hela
Lane 3: H-4-II-E