SCG10/Stathmin-2 Antibody [D11B18]

Katalog-Nr. F4944

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Biologische Beschreibung

Spezifität

SCG10/Stathmin-2 Antibody [D11B18] weist endogene Mengen des gesamten SCG10/Stathmin-2 Proteins nach.

Hintergrund

SCG10 (Stathmin-2, STMN2) ist ein neuronal angereichertes Mikrotubuli-destabilisierendes Protein, das zur Stathmin-Familie gehört und für das axiale Auswachsen und die Regeneration unerlässlich ist. Es enthält eine N-terminale regulatorische Domäne mit vier wichtigen Phosphorylierungsstellen (Ser22, Ser25, Ser38, Ser63), die von Kinasen wie JNK1, MAPK und PKA angegriffen werden. Die C-terminale Region weist eine α-helikale Stathmin-ähnliche Domäne auf, die zwei Tubulin-Bindetaschen enthält. Dies ermöglicht es SCG10, α/β-Tubulin-Heterodimere in einer 1:2-Stöchiometrie zu sequestrieren. Diese Sequestrierung verhindert die longitudinale Protofilament-Assemblierung und hemmt somit die Mikrotubuli-Polymerisation. In seinem dephosphorylierten Zustand bindet SCG10 freies Tubulin mit hoher Affinität (Kd ~0,3–1 μM) und fördert die Mikrotubuli-Katastrophe, indem es die Dynamik durch die Bindung von GTPase-kompetentem Tubulin in Richtung Depolymerisation verschiebt. Die Phosphorylierung von SCG10 führt jedoch zu negativen Ladungen und induziert Konformationsänderungen, die die Tubulin-Bindung stören, wodurch Tubulin-Heterodimere für das Mikrotubuli-Wachstum freigesetzt werden. Dieser Mechanismus stabilisiert axonale Mikrotubuli während des Auswachsens. Die JNK1-vermittelte Phosphorylierung von Ser22/Thr22 ist besonders wichtig während der Migration kortikaler Neuronen, wobei sie den Übergang von multipolarer zu bipolarer Morphologie steuert und die Geschwindigkeit der radialen Migration moduliert. Die SCG10-Expression ist am höchsten in sich entwickelnden ZNS-Neuronen, wo sie die Ca²⁺-abhängige Mikrotubuli-Remodellierung über die Calmyrin-Bindung vermittelt, wodurch die Dynamik der Wachstumskegel erleichtert und zur Axonregeneration nach Verletzungen beigetragen wird. Der Verlust von TDP-43 bei ALS/FTD führt zur Inklusion kryptischer Exons in STMN2-Transkripte, was zu einer Depletion des funktionellen SCG10-Proteins führt. Dies verursacht axonale Degeneration, Neuromuskuläre Junktionsretraktion und motorische Defizite, Phänotypen, die durch die Wiederherstellung der Expression von Full-Length STMN2 umgekehrt werden können.

Nutzungsinformationen

Anwendung IP, IHC Verdünnung
Reaktivität Human, Mouse, Rat
Quelle Mouse Monoclonal Antibody MW ˜20 kDa
Lagerpuffer PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3
Lagerung
(Ab dem Datum des Erhalts)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years
IHC
Experimental Protocol:
 
Deparaffinization/Rehydration
1. Deparaffinize/hydrate sections:
2. Incubate sections in three washes of xylene for 5 min each.
3. Incubate sections in two washes of 100% ethanol for 10 min each.
4. Incubate sections in two washes of 95% ethanol for 10 min each.
5. Wash sections two times in dH2O for 5 min each.
6.Antigen retrieval: For Citrate: Heat slides in a microwave submersed in 1X citrate unmasking solution until boiling is initiated; continue with 10 min at a sub-boiling temperature (95°-98°C). Cool slides on bench top for 30 min.
 
Staining
1. Wash sections in dH2O three times for 5 min each.
2. Incubate sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min.
3. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
4. Wash sections in wash buffer for 5 min.
5. Block each section with 100–400 µl of blocking solution for 1 hr at room temperature.
6. Remove blocking solution and add 100–400 µl primary antibody diluent in to each section. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
7. Remove antibody solution and wash sections with wash buffer three times for 5 min each.
8. Cover section with 1–3 drops HRPas needed. Incubate in a humidified chamber for 30 min at room temperature.
9. Wash sections three times with wash buffer for 5 min each.
10. Add DAB Chromogen Concentrate to DAB Diluent and mix well before use.
11. Apply 100–400 µl DAB to each section and monitor closely. 1–10 min generally provides an acceptable staining intensity.
12. Immerse slides in dH2O.
13. If desired, counterstain sections with hematoxylin.
14. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
15. Dehydrate sections: Incubate sections in 95% ethanol two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in 100% ethanol, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in xylene, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each.
16. Mount sections with coverslips and mounting medium.
 
IF
Experimental Protocol:
 
Sample Preparation
1. Adherent Cells: Place a clean, sterile coverslip in a culture dish. Once the cells grow to near confluence as a monolayer, remove the coverslip for further use.
2. Suspension Cells: Seed the cells onto a clean, sterile slide coated with poly-L-lysine.
3. Frozen Sections: Allow the slide to thaw at room temperature. Wash it with pure water or PBS for 2 times, 3 minutes each time.
4. Paraffin Sections: Deparaffinization and rehydration. Wash the slide with pure water or PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Then perform antigen retrieval.
 
Fixation
1. Fix the cell coverslips/spots or tissue sections at room temperature using a fixative such as 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) for 10-15 minutes.
2. Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Permeabilization
1.Add a detergent such as 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 to the sample and incubate at room temperature for 10–20 minutes.
(Note: This step is only required for intracellular antigens. For antigens expressed on the cell membrane, this step is unnecessary.)
Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Blocking
Add blocking solution and incubate at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Common blocking solutions include: serum from the same source as the secondary antibody, BSA, or goat serum.)
Note: Ensure the sample remains moist during and after the blocking step to prevent drying, which can lead to high background.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 1)
1. Remove the blocking solution and add the diluted primary antibody.
2. Incubate the sample in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 2)
1. Remove the primary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
2. Add the diluted fluorescent secondary antibody and incubate in the dark at 4°C for 1–2 hours.
3. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
4. Add diluted DAPI and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 5–10 minutes.
5. Wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
 
Mounting
1. Mount the sample with an anti-fade mounting medium.
2. Allow the slide to dry at room temperature overnight in the dark.
3. Store the slide in a slide storage box at 4°C, protected from light.
 

Referenzen

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236359/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39253877/

Anwendungsdaten