WRN Antibody [E4K8]

Katalog-Nr. F1269

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Biologische Beschreibung

Spezifität

WRN Antibody [E4K8] weist endogene Spiegel des gesamten WRN-Proteins nach.
Hintergrund

WRN, ein Mitglied der RecQ-Helikase-Familie, ist das Gen, das für das Werner-Syndrom verantwortlich ist, eine seltene autosomal-rezessive Störung, die durch vorzeitige Alterung und ein erhöhtes Krebsrisiko gekennzeichnet ist. Zellen von Personen mit Werner-Syndrom zeigen genomische Instabilität, die mit beeinträchtigten DNA-Reparaturmechanismen verbunden ist. WRN ist ein multifunktionales Enzym mit verschiedenen biochemischen Aktivitäten. Es weist ATP-abhängige 3'→5'-Helikase- und DNA-abhängige ATPase-Funktionen sowie eine 3'→5'-Exonuklease-Aktivität auf, die der des Exonuklease-Domäne in E. coli DNA-Polymerase I ähnelt. Die Helikase- und Exonuklease-Funktionen von WRN sind strukturell und funktionell unabhängig. Zum Beispiel behalten rekombinante N-terminale Fragmente wie WRN1-368 und die minimale Exonuklease-Domäne WRN70-240 die Exonuklease-Aktivität bei, aber es fehlt ihnen die Helikase-Funktion. Die vielfältigen Rollen von WRN, kombiniert mit dem breiten Spektrum an Symptomen, die beim Werner-Syndrom beobachtet werden, legen nahe, dass dieses Enzym an mehreren zellulären Prozessen beteiligt ist. Diese Idee wird dadurch gestützt, dass WRN sowohl physikalisch als auch funktionell mit verschiedenen Proteinen interagiert, die für den DNA-Stoffwechsel entscheidend sind, einschließlich dem Proliferierenden Zellkernantigen (PCNA), Topoisomerase I, Replikationsprotein A (RPA), p53, dem Ku-Komplex und der DNA-Polymerase δ. WRN zeigt eine dynamische Lokalisierung im Zellkern, die unter verschiedenen Wachstumsbedingungen variiert. Es lokalisiert überwiegend in den Nucleoli in einer Reihe von Zelltypen, wobei seine Verteilung durch DNA-Schäden und das Stadium des Zellzyklus beeinflusst wird. Diese Interaktionen und funktionellen Eigenschaften unterstreichen die kritische Rolle von WRN bei der Aufrechterhaltung der genomischen Stabilität und der Regulierung zellulärer Reaktionen auf DNA-Schäden.

Nutzungsinformationen

Anwendung WB, IF Verdünnung
WB IF
1:1000 1:1600 - 1:6400
Reaktivität Human, Mouse,
Quelle Mouse Monoclonal Antibody MW 200 kDa
Lagerpuffer PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃
Lagerung
(Ab dem Datum des Erhalts)		 -20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years
WB
Experimental Protocol:
 
Sample preparation
1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/Nuclear Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/Nuclear Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/Nuclear Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;
5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;
6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.
 
Electrophoretic separation
1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 5%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations
2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)
 
Transfer membrane
1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;
2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;
3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";
4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications
Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.
( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)
 
Block
1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;
2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature;
3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
 
Antibody incubation
1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;
2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;
3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;
4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.
 
Antibody staining
1326. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;
2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.
IF
Experimental Protocol:
 
Sample Preparation
1. Adherent Cells: Place a clean, sterile coverslip in a culture dish. Once the cells grow to near confluence as a monolayer, remove the coverslip for further use.
2. Suspension Cells: Seed the cells onto a clean, sterile slide coated with poly-L-lysine.
3. Frozen Sections: Allow the slide to thaw at room temperature. Wash it with pure water or PBS for 2 times, 3 minutes each time.
4. Paraffin Sections: Deparaffinization and rehydration. Wash the slide with pure water or PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Then perform antigen retrieval.
 
Fixation
1. Fix the cell coverslips/spots or tissue sections at room temperature using a fixative such as 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) for 10-15 minutes.
2. Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Permeabilization
1.Add a detergent such as 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 to the sample and incubate at room temperature for 10–20 minutes.
(Note: This step is only required for intracellular antigens. For antigens expressed on the cell membrane, this step is unnecessary.)
Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Blocking
Add blocking solution and incubate at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Common blocking solutions include: serum from the same source as the secondary antibody, BSA, or goat serum.)
Note: Ensure the sample remains moist during and after the blocking step to prevent drying, which can lead to high background.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 1)
1. Remove the blocking solution and add the diluted primary antibody.
2. Incubate the sample in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 2)
1. Remove the primary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
2. Add the diluted fluorescent secondary antibody and incubate in the dark at 4°C for 1–2 hours.
3. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
4. Add diluted DAPI and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 5–10 minutes.
5. Wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
 
Mounting
1. Mount the sample with an anti-fade mounting medium.
2. Allow the slide to dry at room temperature overnight in the dark.
3. Store the slide in a slide storage box at 4°C, protected from light.

Referenzen

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22180828/

Anwendungsdaten

WB

Validiert von Selleck

  • F1269-wb
    Lane 1: Hela
    Lane 2: Jurkat
    Lane 3: Ramos

IF

Validiert von Selleck

  • F1269-IF
    Immunofluorescent analysis of Hela cells using F1269 (green, 1:1600), Hoechst (blue) and tubulin (Red).