Topoisomerase Inhibitoren (Topoisomerase Inhibitors)

Topoisomerases can manage DNA's topological state in the nuclear to facilitate the replication, recombination, transcription and repair of DNA by separating the two strands of the helix temporarily. There are 2 types of DNA topoisomerases which are type I topoisomerase and type II topoisomerase.  [show the full text]

Isoformspezifische Produkte

Kat.-Nr. Produktname Informationen Publikationen Validierung
E2516 Doxorubicin Adriamycin (Doxorubicin, Hydroxydaunorubicin), ein zytotoxisches Anthracyclin-Antibiotikum, ist ein Anti-Krebs-Chemotherapeutikum, das die Topoisomerase II mit einer IC50 von 2,67 μM hemmt, wodurch die DNA-Replikation gestoppt und die Apoptose induziert wird.
Cell, 2025, S0092-8674(25)00386-1
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00265-6
Nat Cell Biol, 2025, 27(6):1021-1034
S1198 Irinotecan (CPT-11) Irinotecan ist ein Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor für LoVo-Zellen und HT-29-Zellen mit einer IC50 von 15,8 μM bzw. 5,17 μM.
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00265-6
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 44(1):13
Verified customer review of Irinotecan (CPT-11)
S1288 Camptothecin (CPT) Camptothecin (CPT) ist ein spezifischer Inhibitor der DNA Topoisomerase I (Topo I) mit einem IC50-Wert von 0,68 μM in einem zellfreien Assay. Camptothecin induziert Apoptosis in Krebszellen über microRNA-125b-vermittelte mitochondriale Signalwege. Phase 2.
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00256-5
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4491
EMBO J, 2025, 10.1038/s44318-025-00370-y
Verified customer review of Camptothecin (CPT)
S1208 Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Hydrochloride Doxorubicin (DOX) HCl ist ein Antibiotikum, das die menschliche DNA Topoisomerase II mit einer IC50 von 2,67 μM hemmt. Doxorubicin reduziert die basale Phosphorylierung von AMPK. Doxorubicin wird in der begleitenden Behandlung von HIV-infizierten Patienten eingesetzt, birgt jedoch ein hohes Risiko einer HBV-Reaktivierung.Dieses Produkt kann beim Auflösen in PBS-Lösung ausfallen. Es wird empfohlen, die Stammlösung in reinem Wasser herzustellen und mit reinem Wasser oder Salzlösung zu verdünnen, um die Arbeitslösung zu erhalten.Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl kann zur Induktion von Tiermodellen für Nierenerkrankungen verwendet werden.
Cell Res, 2025, 35(6):437-452.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):8873
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):509
Verified customer review of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Hydrochloride
S1225 Etoposide Etoposide ist ein halbsynthetisches Derivat von Podophyllotoxin, das die DNA-Synthese über die Topoisomerase II-Hemmung inhibiert, wodurch die Doppelstrang- und Einzelstrangspaltung der DNA verstärkt und die Reparatur durch die Bindung der Topoisomerase II reversibel gehemmt wird. Etoposide induziert Autophagy, Mitophagy und Apoptosis.
Nature, 2025, 642(8068):785-795
Cell, 2025, 188(18):5081-5099.e27
Cancer Discov, 2025, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-1378
Verified customer review of Etoposide
S2492 Novobiocin Sodium (Cathomycin, Albamycin) Novobiocin Sodium (NSC 2382, Albamycin, Cathomycin) ist ein Aminocumarin-Antibiotikum, das die bakterielle DNA-Gyrase (TopoIV) angreift und zur Behandlung von anfälligen grampositiven Bakterien eingesetzt wird.
Redox Biol, 2025, 85:103672
J Transl Med, 2025, 23(1):1079
Cancer Res Commun, 2025, 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0433
Verified customer review of Novobiocin Sodium (Cathomycin, Albamycin)
S4908 SN-38 SN-38 (NK012) ist ein aktiver Metabolit von CPT-11, hemmt die DNA-Topoisomerase I, die DNA-Synthese und verursacht häufig Einzelstrangbrüche der DNA. SN-38 induziert Autophagie.
Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-08974-4
Cancer Cell, 2025, S1535-6108(25)00223-5
Cancer Cell, 2025, 43(8):1530-1548.e9
Verified customer review of SN-38
S2217 Irinotecan Hydrochloride Trihydrate Irinotecan HCl Trihydrate ist ein Hydrochlorid-Trihydrat von Irinotecan (Camptosar, Campto, CPT-11), einem Topoisomerase I-Inhibitor mit einer IC50 von 15,8 bzw. 5,17 μM für LoVo-Zellen und HT-29-Zellen.
Am J Pathol, 2025, S0002-9440(25)00252-4
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2024, 43(1):151
Cell Oncol (Dordr), 2024, 10.1007/s13402-024-00939-5
Verified customer review of Irinotecan Hydrochloride Trihydrate
S3035 Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (Daunomycin) Daunorubicin HCl hemmt sowohl die DNA- als auch die RNA-Synthese und hemmt die DNA-Synthese mit einem Ki von 0,02 μM in einem zellfreien Assay. Daunorubicin ist ein Topoisomerase II-Inhibitor, der die Apoptose induziert.Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl kann zur Induktion von Tiermodellen für Nierenerkrankungen verwendet werden.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):617
Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(4):102053
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
Verified customer review of Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (Daunomycin)
S1231 Topotecan HCl Topotecan HCl ist ein Topoisomerase I-Inhibitor für MCF-7 Luc-Zellen und DU-145 Luc-Zellen mit einer IC50 von 13 nM bzw. 2 nM in zellfreien Assays. Diese Verbindung induziert Autophagy und Apoptosis.
NPJ Precis Oncol, 2025, 9(1):306
Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(17)8494
Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2025, 18(2)181
Verified customer review of Topotecan HCl

DNA topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that play a critical role in DNA transcription and replication events for the efficient creation and compaction of two identical genomes in two daughter cells. There are at least five different topoisomerase that have been found in higher eukaryotes that can be grouped into two categories: (1) type I family, includes topoisomerases I, IIIα, IIIβ, and (2) type II family, includes topoisomerases IIα and IIβ.[1][2]

Type I enzymes, which do not require ATP, cleave one DNA strand at a time to achieve DNA strand relaxation. More specifically, among type I family constituents, topoisomerase I-mediated DNA strand scission involves a nucleophilic attack by the active site tyrosine OH group on the DNA phosphodiester bond at the site of cleavage. Such an attack results in the breakage of the DNA phosphodiester backbone and the creation of a phosphotyrosine bond between the enzyme and DNA. This covalent binary complex DNA-topoisomerase I, the so-called cleavable complex, is typically only an intermediate. Relaxation via passage (swivel movement) of the broken DNA strand around the unbroken strand is followed by reformation of the phosphodiester backbone as a result of relegation, with concomitant release of topoisomerase I and enzyme turnover.[1][2]

In contrast, type II enzymes which are typically ATP-dependent are able to perform double strand cuts that relieve superhelical twists, intramolecular DNA knots, and intermolecular tangles for chromosomal segregation to produce a DNA-linked protein gate through which another intact duplex can pass. It should be emphasized that the enzyme shows strong preference for supercoiled DNA versus relaxed molecules. More specifically, with topoisomerase II enzymes it is observed that DNA cleavage occurs at preferred sequences within its recognition/binding sites, but there is not clear specificity.[1][2]

In either case, both types of topoisomerases cleave DNA at the phosphodiester backbone by nucleophilic attack from a catalytic tyrosine residue which becomes linked to the phosphate end (P-Y) of the DNA break. The reactions of both types of topoisomerases are highly reversible and leave the DNA sequence unchanged following topoisomerization.[1][2]

While both topoisomerases can relax supercoiled DNA, only topoisomerase II can decatenate DNA molecules. Interestingly, throughout the cell cycle topoisomerase I and topoisomerase IIβ do not change in concentration, meanwhile topoisomerase IIα protein level are noted to fluctuate in relation to the proliferative stage and cell cycle position. In particular, topoisomerase IIα mRNA peak in late S and G2/M several-fold over (typically more than 10 times) the amount observed in G1 cells. The high levels of topoisomerase IIα during the final stages of DNA replication is intended to assist with chromosome untangling, condensation and mitotic segregation events. Consequently, cancerous cells are noted to have high topoisomerase IIα activity, and these findings have prompted researchers to develop new anti-cancer agents that specifically target to poisomerase II.[1][2]

In general, topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II-directed anti-cancer agents are able to interfere with at least one step of the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. Among the topoisomerase I inhibitor class of compounds, Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives – a pentacyclic alkaloid formerly isolated as a natural extract from the Chinese tree Camptoteca acuminate – are effective at selectively targeting topoisomerase I by trapping its catalytic intermediate during the topoisomerase I-DNA reaction. Agents that effectively target topoisomerase II include the Anthracyclines (i.e. Adriamycin and Daunorubicin, 9 and 10), Epipodophyllotoxins (i.e. Etoposide and Teniposide 11 and 12), Antracendedione (i.e. Mitoxantrone, 13) and Aminoacrideines (i.e. m-AMSA). The compounds are successful at stabilizing the short-lived covalent complexes between topoisomerase II and DNA. The anti-cancer agents convert the topoisomerase II enzymes into DNA-cleaving toxins which are currently are area of research interest.[2]